Ecosystem goods and services and marine spatial planning

The challenge

Marine space is limited and increasingly in demand: fisheries, renewable energy, maritime transport, conservation, tourism, aquaculture… To manage it sustainably, it is essential to understand the goods and services provided by marine ecosystems (food provision, climate regulation, human wellbeing) and how they are distributed spatially. The challenge was to develop scientific and operational tools capable of integrating this knowledge into Marine Spatial Planning (MSP), ensuring compatibility between uses while preserving ecosystem health.

The solution

AZTI has developed a set of pioneering methodologies and tools to assess ecosystem services and support marine planning based on the ecosystem approach:

• EB-MSP Assessment Tool: an innovative tool that helps authorities incorporate ecosystem principles into marine spatial planning.
• WEC-ERA and WIND-ERA: specific models to assess the ecological risk associated with wave energy converters and offshore wind turbines.
• VAPEM: an open platform integrating all the information and models developed, freely and openly accessible.

In addition, AZTI has expanded the concept of ecosystem services by incorporating human wellbeing and mental health:

• A pioneering study on nature-based therapies in coastal environments.
  Mapping of marine recreational activities in Gipuzkoa, analysing environmental conditions, compatibilities, conflict points, and the emotional benefits associated with each activity.

Together, these elements provide a robust framework for integrated management of marine space uses.

The results

• Advanced and innovative tools that facilitate the integration of the ecosystem-based approach into marine spatial planning.
• Specific environmental risk assessments for offshore renewable energy, key to its sustainable development.
• Accessible information and models available through open platforms, promoting transparency and uptake by public authorities and economic sectors.
• Detailed mapping of recreational activities and evidence of their contribution to mental wellbeing, supporting conflict management and tourism planning.
• Strengthened strategic planning capacity of authorities, aligned with European objectives for sustainable marine space management.