DNA-based identification of tuna species

The challenge

The Basque Government entrusted AZTI with accrediting a genetic methodology for the identification of tuna species, which are essential for the fishing sector in the Basque Autonomous Community (BAC). The main technical challenge was to develop a panel of mitochondrial markers detectable by Real-Time PCR, capable of working with fresh, frozen, and processed products—including canned tuna.

The solution

AZTI designed a pioneering DNA analysis methodology based on a panel of fluorescent probes and a Real-Time PCR system, enabling accurate verification of the main commercial tuna species.
The method covers eight species of the genus Thunnus, as well as species from the genera Katsuwonus, Sarda, and Auxis. AZTI was the only laboratory accredited under ISO 17025, at both national and European level, to accredit this Real-Time PCR technique.

The results

The genetic identification developed by AZTI strengthens traceability and transparency in the fisheries market and is a key tool in the fight against labelling fraud.
The methodology was validated through the first national interlaboratory exercise on tuna species, coordinated by AZTI, ensuring the quality and reliability of results across research centres and public administrations.